The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.